Whether you are learning AutoCAD for the first time or updating your skills, this book is a must. It features complete coverage of AutoCAD drawing and editing commands and additional topics, including dimensioning, dimensioning, parametric drafting, hatching techniques, dynamic blocks, layouts and plotting, annotative objects, external references, and sheet sets. The Advanced portion provides detailed coverage of 3D modeling, including solid, surface, and mesh modeling. Thorough coverage of visual styles shading , materials, lighting, rendering, and animation is also provided.
It features complete coverage of AutoCAD drawing and editing commands and additional topics, including dimensioning, parametric drafting, hatching techniques, dynamics blocks, layouts and plotting, annotative objects, external references, and sheet sets. Heavily illustrated to make learning easy. Download Autocad And Its Applications books ,. This allows for manageable texts in both size and content, as well as flexibility to meet the needs of various course structures.
Content of the Basics edition provides comprehensive coverage of introductory and two-dimensional AutoCAD drafting, while the Advanced edition covers three-dimensional and other advanced functions.
Both texts cover topics in an easy-to-understand sequence, and progress in a manner that allows students to become comfortable with AutoCAD.
In-depth discussions of every major new and existing AutoCAD feature, command, and option are provided. Hundreds of exercises, questions, and drawing problems assist learning. No AutoCAD book surpasses the depth of coverage provided by this title! Hundreds of exercises, end-of-chapter questions, and drawing problems make this book a valuable resource for those first learning AutoCAD as well as those upgrading their knowledge. The book may be used with the advanced book which is also featured in this catalog.
The Basics potion provides complete instruction in 2D drawing and editing commands and additional topics, including dimensioning, parametric drafting, hatching techniques, dynamics blocks, layouts and plotting, annotative objects, external references, and sheet sets.
No AutoCAD book surpasses the depth of coverage provided by this outstanding title! The Advanced portion builds upon the fundamental skills and techniques taught in the Basics portion. It provides detailed coverage of 3D modeling and other advanced topics, including 3D printing, point clouds, materials, lighting, rendering, and animation. AutoCAD and Its Applications: Comprehensive provides flexibility in course design and teaching approaches, supporting both introductory and advanced classes.
More than drawing problems are found throughout the text's end-of-chapter sections. Using different colors for dif- ferent layers helps you visually distinguish different information in the drawing.
There are two different ways of selecting the color for objects on your screen. The best way is usually to set the layer color and draw the objects on the appropriate layer.
This method keeps your drawing Tip: If your panels organized. The other method is to use the Color Control feature on the are minimized, you Properties panel. To select the Color Control pull-down feature, may need to click to Click: ByLayer from the Properties panel to pull down the Color expand the options. Control Click to expand color choices Figure 2. You can also choose More Colors to view the full color palette. Make sure the Index Color tab is selected.
Otherwise, the color in your drawing can become very confusing. You will click Cancel to exit the Select Color dialog box without making any changes. The colors for your new objects will continue to be determined by the layer on which they are created. Click: Cancel Layer Visibility One of the advantages of using layers in the drawing is that you can choose not to display selected layers. You can store all the information in a single draw- ing, and then plot different combinations of layers to create the electri- cal layout, first-floor plan, and any other combination you want.
Next you will use the Layer Control to lock, freeze, and turn off some of the layers in this drawing. Refer to Figure 2. Invisible off layers are not printed or plotted, but objects on these layers are still part of the drawing. You use the freeze option not only to make the layer disappear from the display, but also to cause it to be skipped when the drawing is regenerated.
This feature can noticeably improve the speed with which the software regenerates a large drawing. The icon for freezing and thawing layers looks like a snow- flake when frozen and a shining sun when thawed. A layer can both be turned off and frozen; the effect is similar. You should either freeze a layer or turn it off, but there is no point in doing both.
Your screen should now be similar to Figure 2. This is useful when you need the layer for reference but do not want to change it. For example, you might want to move several items so that they line up with an object on the locked layer but prevent anything on the locked layer from moving. If for some rea- son it is not the current layer, set it current at this time. Layer TEXT is frozen and does not appear.
On your own, try erasing one of the circled points in the drawing. A message appears, stating that the object is on a locked layer. This is useful when you are unsure which layer a particular object is on. If you are not sure which button to select, hover your mouse over the buttons to show the tooltips. Using Layer The Layer command lets you create new layers and control the color and linetype associated with a layer.
You can also use Layer to control which layers are visible or plotted at any one time and to set the current layer. Remember, only one layer at a time can be current. New objects are created on the current layer. Use the Layer Properties Manager icon from the Layer panel to create new layers and set their properties.
Its command alias is LA. It will have a hidden linetype and the color cyan a light blue shade. Click: New Layer icon located near the top of the dialog box A new layer appears with the default name Layer1, which should be highlighted as shown in Figure 2. Tip: You can right-click on a heading in the Layer Properties Figure 2. You will change the layer name, color and linetype for the new layer next.
Layer names can be as long as characters. While Layer1 is still highlighted, ging on its corners. To the right of the layer names are the various layer controls mentioned previously.
You can resize these col- umns to show more or less of the names by dragging the line between the name headings. Make sure that the Index Color tab is uppermost. You will select the color cyan for the easement layer that you are creating. The color helps you visually distinguish linetypes and layers in drawings. You also use color to select the pen and pen width for your printer or plotter. Move the arrow cursor over the Standard Colors boxes, where cyan is the fourth color from the left.
Click: cyan from the Standard Colors boxes to the left of the ByLayer button The name of the color that you have selected appears in the Color: box at the bottom of the screen.
If you select one of the standard colors, the name appears in the box; if you select one of the other colors from the palette, the color number appears. Using layers to control the color and linetype of new objects that you create will work only if BYLAYER is active as the method for estab- lishing object color, object linetype, and lineweight.
Now that you know the basics of using and creating layers, you will begin creating the curved sections of the road centerline for the subdivi- sion. The straight-line sections that the curves are tangent to have been drawn to get you started. When you click points from the screen without using object snaps, the resolution of your screen makes it impossible for you to select points with the accuracy stored in the drawing database.
You have learned how to click accurately by snapping to a grid point. Whenever prompted to select a point or location, you can use an object snap to help make an accurate selection.
Without this command, locating two objects with respect to each other in correct and useful geometric form is virtually impossible. Object snap is one of the most important CAD tools.
There are several different ways to access and use the Object Snaps. Tip: You can click the arrow to the right of the Object Snap Right-click: the Object Snap button on the Status bar button to expand the options.
The menu of Object Snap modes appears on your screen as shown in Figure 2. The first is called over- an object snap by typing the ride mode. With this method, you select the object snap during a com- three-letter name any time you mand. The object snap acts as a modifier within the command string to are prompted to enter points target the next point you select. You activate object snaps from within or select objects. Refer to the other commands by clicking the appropriate icon from the Object Snap Command Summary for the toolbar.
When you activate an object snap in this manner, it is ac- tive for one click only. Remember, you can use this method only during a command that is prompting you to select points or objects. A special feature is active when Object Snap is in use.
It displays a marker and description SnapTip when the cursor is placed near or on a snap point. This feature helps you to determine what location on the object will be selected. The second method for using Object Snap is called running mode. When a running mode object snap is on, the marker box and SnapTip will appear during any future command when you are prompted for a point location, object selection, or other choice.
The SnapTip will tell you which object snap location is being targeted. Click: Object Snap Settings from the menu see Figure 2. Object Snap should be on top. Click: Clear All to unselect any current modes Click: Node A check appears in the box when it is selected, as shown in Figure 2. The symbol next to the Node setting represents the AutoSnap marker shape that will appear in the drawing. You can use it to change Marker size, color, and settings. Next, you may want to change the Marker color to a more noticeable color, such as red.
When you have finished, Click: OK to exit the Options dialog box Click: OK to exit the Drafting Settings dialog box Click: Object Snap button to turn it on, if it is not already on On your own, click the small downward arrow to the right of the Object Snap button on the status bar to expand the options. Notice that now Node is checked and the other modes do not have check marks. You can also set the object snap modes quickly by checking or unchecking them from this list.
Make sure that Ortho mode, Polar tracking, and Object snap tracking are off. Object Snap is a very useful tool and you will use it frequently through- out the rest of this guide.
It can be very important to turn it on and off as needed. Notice that the Object Snap button on the Status bar is highlighted, meaning it is active. You may click the Object Snap button to toggle it on or off, similar to the Snap Mode and Grid buttons.
Check your status bar to make sure that the Object Snap button is turned on it appears highlighted. Now you are ready to start creating arcs at accurate locations in the drawing. When you are prompted to select, look for the marker box on the crosshairs. There are eleven different ways to create arcs. To see the options, click on the small triangle next to show the Arc flyout as shown in Figure 2.
Each Arc command option requires that you input point locations. The icons on the buttons help show you which points that option expects for input. You can define those point locations by manually typing in the coordinate values or locating the points with the cursor and click- ing your mouse. For the exercises presented in this tutorial, follow the directions carefully so that your drawing will turn out correctly.
Keep in mind that if you were designing the subdivision, you might not use all the command options demonstrated in this tutorial. When you are using AutoCAD software later for design, select the command options that are appropriate for the geometry in your drawing.
Arc 3 Points The 3 Points option of the Arc command draws an arc through three points that you specify. The dots located on the icon represent the three points of definition. This means that three point locations will be neces- sary for drawing that arc.
Remember, to specify locations you can click them or type in absolute, relative, or polar coordinates. You will draw an arc using the 3 Points option. The Snap to Node running object snap will help you click the points drawn in the datafile. Click: 3 Point button Figure 2. Many AutoCAD commands permit dynamic specification, or dragging, of the image on the screen. Move the cursor around the screen to see how it affects the way the arc would be drawn.
Recall your use of this feature to draw circles in Tutorial 1. The radius of the arc is calculated from the locations of the three points. Your drawing should now show the completed arc, as shown in the upper part of Figure 2. New 3 point arc 5 4 6 Figure 2. Tip: Pressing the space bar or Figure 2. Notice that now Start, Center, End is the top button on the Arc flyout. When you are using a flyout, the last item you clicked appears as the top flyout button, so options you use frequently take only one click.
If the start point were located where the endpoint is, a convex arc outside the centerlines would have been drawn. When you have added the arc correctly, your arc should look like that in the lower part of Figure 2. On your own, try drawing another arc with the Arc Start, Center, End option, this time clicking point 6 first, then the center, and then point 4.
Note that this arc is drawn counterclockwise, resulting in a convex arc. Undo this backward arc by typing U [Enter] at the command prompt. Next, draw an arc with the Start, End, Angle option, referring to Figure 2. This time you will use dynamic entry. Positive angular values are measured counterclockwise. Negative angular values are measured clockwise. Type d for the degree symbol when typing in surveyor angles.
Use the single quote and double quote for minutes and Chord length seconds. The chord length is the straight- line distance from the start point of the arc to the endpoint of the arc. Start point You can enter negative values for the chord length to draw an arc in the opposite direction. The locations of the start and end points are at 11 and Click: Start, End, Radius button from the Arc flyout 12 11 Specify start point of arc or [Center]: select point 11 New arc Specify end point of arc: select point 12 Specify radius of arc: New arc 14 13 Figure 2.
You will give it a try off to the side of the subdivision drawing and then erase or undo it, as it is not a part of the drawing. To draw an arc that is the continuation of an existing line, Click: Line button On your own, draw a line anywhere on your screen. Last endpoint drawn. Continue makes this the start point for Click: Continue from the Draw panel, Arc flyout the new arc The last point of the line becomes the first point for the arc. The cursor Last arc drawn is in drag mode, and an arc appears from the end of the line.
You are prompted for an endpoint. Then you Continue makes the last point the start of the new arc will continue an arc from the endpoint of that arc. On your own, erase or undo the extra continued arcs and lines that you created. Using Arc at the Command Line Tip: After you draw an arc, To select the Arc command, you can also type the command alias, A, restarting the command and at the command prompt.
When you start the Arc command this way, then pressing the space bar the default is the 3 Points option you used earlier. If you want to use or [Enter] also engages the Continue option. You can use another option, you can type the command option letter at the prompt. You will then specify from the previously drawn arc the start, end, and angle of the arc by typing the command option at the or line. Try it both ways. However, it may be hard to see because of the small size of the arc relative to the size of the screen and drawing.
Using Zoom The Zoom commands change the size of the image on your display. The Zoom flyout is on the ribbon View tab, Navigate panel Figure 2. If it does not already show you can use Show panels to turn it on. Right-click in the gray space at the left of the View tab Click: Show panels from the context menu, Click Navigate The Navigate panel now appears on the ribbon View tab Figure 2.
Navigate Panel Figure 2. Click: Zoom In button Your drawing is enlarged to twice its previous size Figure 2. Click: Zoom Out button Your drawing should return to its original size on the screen. Zooming Using Scale Factors You can also use scale factors to zoom when you click the Scale option of the Zoom command.
Scale factor 1. Scale factor 0. Typing X after the scale factor makes the zoom scale relative to the previous view. For example, entering 2X causes the new view to be shown twice as big as the view established previously, as you saw when using Zoom In.
A scale factor of 0. Zoom Scale uses the current left corner or 0,0 coordinates as the base location for the zoom. Typing XP after the scale factor makes the new zoom scale relative to paper space. You will learn more about paper space in Tutorial 5. You will select the Zoom command by typing its alias at the command prompt. Repeat the Zoom command. The area shown on the screen is twice as big as the drawing limits.
Now, restore the original view. This lets you quickly enlarge the exact Tip: When typing transparent portion of the drawing that you are interested in.
0コメント