In AGP 7. In AGP 8. It is possible to keep the AGP 7. Previously introduced in AGP 2. This change does not impact build time. To enable this feature, set compileOptions to the desired Java version and set compileSdkVersion to 30 or above:. In most cases, the AGP Upgrade Assistant will automatically migrate your project to the new configurations. If you are compiling against the Android Gradle plugin, your compile classpath may change.
If you depend on an AGP dependency at compile-time, be sure to add it as an explicit dependency. Previously, you could add a native library in a Java resources folder, and register the folder using android.
Starting with AGP 7. Instead, use the DSL method intended for native libraries, android. For more information, see how to configure source sets. Android Gradle Plugin 7. Projects that use the Kotlin Multiplatform support need to update to Kotlin 1. As a workaround, you can downgrade the Android Gradle plugin to 4. For more information, see KT There is no lint text output printed to stdout when the lint task is up-to-date issue For more context, see Behavior changes for lint.
This issue will be fixed in Android Gradle plugin 7. As a workaround, the lint task can be run on those libraries. Starting in version 4. Java 8 provides access to a number of newer language features including lambda expressions, method references, and static interface methods. For the full list of supported features see the Java 8 documentation. To keep the old behavior, specify Java 7 explicitly in your module-level build. The new JVM resource compiler is enabled by default.
Android Gradle Plugin 4. To enable one or both of these formats in your build, add the following properties to your module-level build. This new flag takes care of the APK signing step in the deployment process. It is now possible to enable or disable app signing in Android Gradle plugin per variant. This example demonstrates how to set app signing per variant using the onVariants method in either Kotlin or Groovy:.
To reduce clutter in build output, AGP 4. Previously, a line of output was generated for every file that was built, resulting in a large quantity of informational messages. If you would like to see the entirety of the native output, set the new Gradle property android. You can set this property in either the gradle. Command line -Pandroid. Starting in AGP 4. In other words, if you declare a property in a gradle. In AGP 4. This change reflects the new Gradle behavior and supports configuration caching.
For more information on setting values in gradle. In previous releases, JDK 8 was bundled with Studio. When using the new bundled JDK to run Gradle, this may result in some incompatibility or impact JVM performance due to changes to the garbage collector. These issues are described below. Android Studio 4. For more information about Gradle compatibility, see Update Gradle.
To potentially improve build performance, we recommend testing your Gradle builds with the parallel garbage collector. In gradle. To measure build speed with different configurations, see Profile your build. This causes an increase in APK size, but it results in a smaller installation size on the device, and the download size is roughly the same. This means that:. This means that it is no longer possible to write the following in Kotlin scripts for some collections that previously supported it:.
Android Gradle plugin 4. To export your native libraries, add the following to the android block of your library project's build. In this example, the mylibrary and myotherlibrary libraries from either your ndk-build or CMake external native build will be packaged in the AAR produced by your build, and each will export the headers from the specified directory to their dependents.
Kotlin uses custom metadata in Java class files to identify Kotlin language constructs. R8 now has support for maintaining and rewriting Kotlin metadata to fully support shrinking of Kotlin libraries and applications using kotlin-reflect. For more information, see Shrinking Kotlin libraries and applications using Kotlin reflection with R8 on Medium.
When you build the debug version of your app using Android Gradle plugin 4. The cleanBuildCache task and the android. The android. Starting with this release, fields from R classes are no longer kept by default , which may result in significant APK size savings for apps that enable code shrinking.
This should not result in a behavior change unless you are accessing R classes by reflection, in which case it is necessary to add keep rules for those R classes. The experimental flag android. Set in the gradle. For library projects only, the BuildConfig. Additionally, these values were discarded during manifest merging.
In a future version of Android Gradle plugin, the versionName and versionCode properties will also be removed from the DSL for libraries. You can set the path to your local NDK installation using the android. If you use this property together with the android.
We've changed the behavior of how library unit tests are compiled and run. This configuration typically results in better testing. In some cases library unit tests that use data binding may encounter missing DataBindingComponent or BR classes. Those tests need to be ported to an instrumented test in the androidTest project, since compiling and running against those classes in a unit test may produce incorrect output.
The io. Gradle 6. To learn more, read the section about updating Gradle. This minor update supports compatibility with new default settings and features for package visibility in Android In previous versions of Android, it was possible to view a list of all apps installed on a device. Starting with Android 11 API level 30 , by default apps have access to only a filtered list of installed packages.
For more information on this new feature, see Package visibility in Android The Build Analyzer window helps you understand and diagnose issues with your build process, such as disabled optimizations and improperly configured tasks. This feature is available when you use Android Studio 4. You can open the Build Analyzer window from Android Studio as follows:. The Build Analyzer window organizes possible build issues in a tree on the left. You can inspect and click on each issue to investigate its details in the panel on the right.
When Android Studio analyzes your build, it computes the set of tasks that determined the build's duration and provides a visualization to help you understand the impact of each of these tasks. You can also get details on warnings by expanding the Warnings node. Please fix your project and try again" in Android Studio. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. Writing code in comment? Please use ide. Load Comments. What's New.
To create a plugin, add the following class below the addCurrentDate task in the module-level build. Add the name of your plugin at the top of this file along with the other apply plugin definitions:. The only difference is that you define a class which implements Plugin and its single method apply Project project. Now you can verify that this plugin is doing the same thing like the task.
Assemble a new build and verify the APK filename:. You can download the final project here. The Android Gradle plugin 3. The raywenderlich. Get a weekly digest of our tutorials and courses, and receive a free in-depth email course as a bonus! Introducing unlimited access to all video courses, all books, and our new monthly live professional development series!
I am a software engineer at Runtastic, Austria. I'm interested in both iOS and Android development, currently focused on the Meng has been a software engineer since He has been working in various mobile development platforms such as Android, Vijay is a husband, father and senior mobile engineer.
Based out of Canada's capital, Vijay has worked on dozens of apps for He started as a web By the end of this tutorial you should be able to Build your Android apps from the command-line Read through a Gradle build file Create your own Gradle plugin Create build flavors for profit!
If you are completely new to Android development, read through our Beginning Android Development tutorials to familiarize yourself with the basics. Note: To proceed you need to generate the keystore for your release build.
Take a look at this tutorial to find a step-by-step guide. You can do so by keeping the password in a separate file from build. Sign up now Website. Get it now. Mark Complete Clear Progress. Completed New. Build a desktop weather app with Compose for Desktop! Our biggest-ever Black Friday and Cyber Monday sale launches next week.
Meng Taing Meng has been a software engineer since Tech Editor. Ensure the app and the test app are built depending on assembleDebug and assembleDebugAndroidTest.
Install both apps. Run the tests. Uninstall both apps. If more than one device is connected, all tests are run in parallel on all connected devices. If one of the test fails, on any device, the build will fail. Testing Android Library project is done exactly the same way as application projects. The only difference is that the whole library and its dependencies is automatically added as a Library dependency to the test app.
The result is that the test APK includes not only its own code, but also the library itself and all its dependencies. The manifest of the Library is merged into the manifest of the test app as is the case for any project referencing this Library.
The Android plugins build on this and extends the HTML report to aggregate the results from all connected devices. This can be configured with:. The value of android. In a multi project setup with application s and library ies projects, when running all tests at the same time, it might be useful to generate a single reports for all tests.
To do this, a different plugin is available in the same artifact. It can be applied with:. This should be applied to the root project, ie in build.
Note: the --continue option ensure that all tests, from all sub-projects will be run even if one of them fails. Without it the first failing test will interrupt the run and not all projects may have their tests run. Lint support. You can run lint for a specific variant see below , e. You can configure lint by adding a lintOptions section like following. You typically only specify a few of these, see the DSL reference for all available options.
Build Variants. One goal of the new build system is to enable creating different versions of the same application. Same application packaged differently for multi-apk in Google Play Store. A combination of 1. Product flavors. A product flavor defines a customized version of the application build by the project.
A single project can have different flavors which change the generated application. This new concept is designed to help when the differences are very minimum. Product flavors are declared using a productFlavors DSL container:.
This creates two flavors, called flavor1 and flavor2. Note: The name of the flavors cannot collide with existing Build Type names, or with the androidTest and test source sets. Product Flavors do the same: the output of the project becomes all possible combinations of Build Types and, if applicable, Product Flavors. Product Flavor Configuration. Note that the android. This means they share the same properties. In the example above, the configurations end up being: flavor1 applicationId : com.
There are cases where a setting is settable on both the Build Type and the Product Flavor. For instance, signingConfig is one of these properties. This enables either having all release packages share the same S igningConfig , by setting android.
Sourcesets and Dependencies. Similar to Build Types , Product Flavors also contribute code and resources through their own sourceSets. The above example creates four sourceSets : android. Manifests are all merged together into a single manifest. All resources Android res and assets are used using overlay priority where the Build Type overrides the Product Flavor , which overrides the main sourceSet. Each Build Variant generates its own R class or other generated source code from the resources.
Nothing is shared between variants. Finally, like Build Types , Product Flavors can have their own dependencies. For instance, if the flavors are used to generate a ads-based app and a paid app, one of the flavors could have a dependency on an Ads SDK, while the other does not.
When Product Flavors are used, more assemble-type tasks are created. For instance assembleFlavor1Debug. The task assemble will build all possible variants. In some case, one may want to create several versions of the same apps based on more than one criteria. For instance, multi-apk support in Google Play supports 4 different filters. Creating different APKs split on each filter requires being able to use more than one dimension of Product Flavors. Consider the example of a game that has a demo and a paid version and wants to use the ABI filter in the multi-apk support.
However, the code of the paid version is the same for all three ABIs, so creating simply 6 flavors is not the way to go. Instead, there are two dimensions of flavors, and variants should automatically build all possible combinations.
This feature is implemented using Flavor Dimensions. Flavors are assigned to a specific dimension:. The android. Each defined Product Flavor is assigned to a dimension. From the following dimensioned Product Flavors [freeapp, paidapp] and [x86, arm, mips] and the [debug, release] Build Types , the following build variants will be created: xfreeapp-debug xfreeapp-release arm-freeapp-debug arm-freeapp-release mips-freeapp-debug mips-freeapp-release xpaidapp-debug xpaidapp-release arm-paidapp-debug arm-paidapp-release mips-paidapp-debug mips-paidapp-release The order of the dimension as defined by android.
Each variant is configured by several Product Flavor objects: android. The flavor dimension is defined with higher priority first.
So in this case:. Multi-flavors projects also have additional sourcesets, similar to the variant sourcesets but without the build type:. These allow customization at the flavor-combination level. They have higher priority than the basic flavor sourcesets, but lower priority than the build type sourcesets. Running the tests can be done through the main deviceCheck anchor task, or the main androidTest tasks which acts as an anchor task when flavors are used.
Finally the HTML report generation supports aggregation by flavor. At compilation time, Android Studio generates a class called BuildConfig that contains constant values used when building a particular variant. You can inspect the values of these constants to change behavior in different variants, e. Using the example above, here's an example BuildConfig:. When you add dimensions and flavors, you can end up with variants that don't make sense.
For example you may define a flavor that uses your Web API and a flavor that uses hard-coded fake data, for faster testing.
0コメント